Efect of Extracts of Fungi Isolated from the Digestive Tract of Cattle on Larvae and Teleogynes of Rhipicephalus microplus Resistant to Cypermethrin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2025v29n1p15-29Abstract
Controlling cattle ticks with conventional acaricides has favored resistance to acaricides, which has encouraged the search for effective and safe alternative methods of controlling this ectoparasite. Fungi have been used for biological control; however, little is known about the effectiveness of fungi from the bovine digestive tract in controlling cattle ticks. This work aimed to select fungi with active metabolites to control Rhipicephalus microplus. Those with extracts of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Aspergillus terreus and the yeasts Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Pichia kudriavzevii were evaluated. The extracts obtained from the fungi in Sabouraud Dextrose broth were analysed to Biocarrapaticidogram and larval package test (TPL) performed for two tick strains. For the Xangrilá tick strain, T. longibrachiatum (VN20) and A. terreus (VN15) extracts were evaluated, which showed low efficacy in controlling the reproductive activity of teleogynes and larvae mortality. For the ICAMG tick strain, extracts of R. mucilaginosa (isolates V10S and V16S) and P. kudriavzevii (isolates V61 and V62) were evaluated. The filtrate from the cultivation of yeast V16S (R. mucilaginosa) at a low concentration (0.21 mg mL-1) demonstrated 35% efficiency in reducing the reproductive activity of teleogynes. The results suggest the importance of future studies to evaluate the efficacy of higher concentrations and different formulations for the control of cattle ticks.
Keywords: Rhipicephalus microplus. Mycelial Fungi. Yeasts. Alternative Control. Acaricide Resistance.
Resumo
O controle do carrapato bovino com acaricidas convencionais tem favorecido a resistência a acaricidas, fomentando assim, a busca por métodos alternativos eficazes e seguros de controle desse ectoparasito. Fungos têm sido utilizados para o controle biológico, contudo pouco se conhece sobre a eficácia de fungos do trato digestório bovino no controle do carrapato bovino. O trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar fungos com metabólitos ativos para o controle de Rhipicephalus microplus. Os extratos de Trichoderma longibrachiatum e Aspergillus terreus e das leveduras Rhodotorula mucilaginosa e Pichia kudriavzevii foram obtidos a partir dos fungos em caldo Sabouraud Dextrose e então, foram avaliados o biocarrapaticidograma e teste de pacote de larvas (TPL) para duas cepas do carrapato. Para a cepa Xangrilá foram avaliados extratos T. longibrachiatum (VN20) e A. terreus (VN15) que apresentaram baixa eficácia sobre o controle da atividade reprodutiva das teleóginas e sobre a mortalidade de larvas. Para a cepa do carrapato ICAMG foram avaliados os extratos de R. mucilaginosa (isolados V10S e V16S) e P. kudriavzevii (isolados V61 e V62). O filtrado do cultivo da levedura V16S (R. mucilaginosa) em uma baixa concentração (0,21 mg mL-1) demonstrou 35% de eficiência para redução da atividade reprodutiva das teleóginas. Os resultados sugerem a importância de futuros estudos para avaliar a eficácia em maiores concentrações e diferentes formulações para o controle do carrapato bovino.
Palavras-chave: Rhipicephalus microplus. Fungos Micelianos. Leveduras. Controle Alternativo. Resistência a Acaricida.
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