Monitoramento da Contaminação por Metais e Efeitos Genotóxicos na Lagoa de Carapebus (Brasil) Por Meio de Bioensaios com Allium cepa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2025v29n4p887-905Resumo
Os ambientes aquáticos são frequentemente contaminados por poluentes urbano-industriais, que podem provocar efeitos toxicogenéticos nos organismos. A lagoa de Carapebus, situada na região metropolitana de Vitória (ES, Brasil), é uma lagoa costeira urbanizada e impactada pelo lançamento de esgoto. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos toxicogenéticos, bioquímicos e a presença de elementos químicos ambientais em raízes de Allium cepa expostas a amostras de água, elutriato e sedimento solubilizado da lagoa, coletadas em diferentes pontos durante duas campanhas. Foram realizadas análises de metais nas amostras ambientais e nas raízes, além de testes de germinação, crescimento radicular, ciclo celular, estresse oxidativo e enzimas antioxidantes. Na primeira campanha, houve inibição da germinação em SS1 e SS3 (água e elutriato), e SS1 (sedimento); redução da germinação em SS2 (todas as amostras); crescimento radicular reduzido em SS2 (água e elutriato) e em SS2 e SS3 (sedimento); citotoxicidade em SS2 (água); genotoxicidade em SS2 (elutriato); e alterações de GST no elutriato. Na segunda campanha, observou-se citotoxicidade em SS2 e SS3 (sedimento), mutagenicidade em SS1, SS2 e SS3 (sedimento) e em SS2 (elutriato), além de alterações de SOD, GST e LPO no sedimento. Os elementos Fe, Ni, Cd, Cr e Pb possivelmente contribuíram para os efeitos observados, incluindo fitotoxicidade, citotoxicidade, genotoxicidade, mutagenicidade e alterações bioquímicas. Esses resultados indicam a presença de contaminantes com potencial tóxico na lagoa, reforçando a importância do monitoramento ambiental com bioensaios.
Palavras-chave: Metabolismo Celular. Alterações Cromossómicas. Biomarcadores de Genotoxicidade. Contaminação por Sedimentos.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Kristian Rodolfo Santos; Iasmini Nicoli Galter , Sara Nascimento Dos Santos, Francielen Barroso Aragão, Mylena Boeque Lascola, Iara Da Costa Souza, Marisa Narciso Fernandes, Magdalena Victoria Monferrán, Daniel Alberto Wunderlin, Silvia Tamie Matsumoto
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