Comparative Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Water and Antimicrobial Resistance of Aeromonas spp. in a Nile Tilapia Farming System in a Reservoir and an Excavated Pond
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2026v30n2p153-165Abstract
This study comparatively evaluated the microbiological water quality in two aquaculture environments: a net-cage system installed in the Pedra do Cavalo Reservoir (Paraguaçu River, Bahia) and an associated excavated pond used for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production. Samples were collected over a 12-month period at bimonthly intervals, totaling 27 samples from the river (P1–P3) and pond (P4) sites. Counts of mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms, Enterococcus, and Aeromonas were performed, along with antimicrobial resistance and virulence analyses of Aeromonas isolates. No significant differences were observed for mesophilic bacteria and Enterococcus among sampling points (p > 0.05), whereas total and thermotolerant coliforms were significantly higher in the pond (p < 0.05), indicating greater fecal contamination in this environment. Aeromonas species were detected in 33.3% of the samples, with A. schubertii, A. hydrophila, and A. sobria identified. Among the 12 confirmed isolates, 91.7% exhibited multidrug resistance, with MAR indices ranging from 0.62 to 1.00. Enzymatic activities associated with virulence, including amylase (41.67%; 5/12), lipase (41.67%; 5/12), and caseinase (41.67%; 5/12), were observed. These findings indicate that, although microbiological parameters were generally within regulatory limits, aquaculture environments, particularly pond systems, may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic bacteria. The results highlight the influence of environmental conditions and anthropogenic factors on microbial dynamics and reinforce the need for continuous monitoring and improved management practices in aquaculture systems.
Keywords: Coliforms. Net-Pen. Antimicrobial Resistance. Aeromonas hydrophila.
Resumo
Este estudo comparou a qualidade microbiológica da água em dois ambientes aquícolas: um sistema de cultivo em tanques-rede instalado no Reservatório de Pedra do Cavalo (Rio Paraguaçu, Bahia) e um viveiro escavado associado à produção de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). As amostras foram coletadas ao longo de 12 meses, em intervalos bimestrais, totalizando 27 amostras provenientes dos pontos no rio (P1–P3) e do viveiro (P4). Foram realizadas contagens de bactérias heterotróficas mesófilas, coliformes, Enterococcus e Aeromonas, além da análise de resistência antimicrobiana e de fatores de virulência dos isolados de Aeromonas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) entre os pontos amostrais para bactérias mesófilas e Enterococcus, enquanto coliformes totais e termotolerantes apresentaram valores significativamente maiores no viveiro (p < 0,05), indicando maior contaminação fecal nesse ambiente. Espécies de Aeromonas foram detectadas em 33,3% das amostras, com identificação de A. schubertii, A. hydrophila e A. sobria. Entre os 12 isolados confirmados, 91,7% apresentaram perfil de multirresistência, com índice MAR variando de 0,62 a 1,00. Atividades enzimáticas associadas à virulência, como amilase (41,67%; 5/12), lipase (41,67%; 5/12) e caseinase (41,67%; 5/12), também foram observadas. Os resultados indicam que, embora os parâmetros microbiológicos estejam, em geral, dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação, os ambientes aquícolas, especialmente os viveiros escavados, podem atuar como reservatórios de bactérias potencialmente patogênicas e resistentes a antimicrobianos. Esses achados reforçam a influência das condições ambientais e de fatores antrópicos na dinâmica microbiana e destacam a necessidade de monitoramento contínuo e de práticas de manejo mais sustentáveis na aquicultura.
Palavras-chave: Coliformes. Tanque-Rede. Resistência Antimicrobiana. Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Norma Suely Evangelista-Barreto, Jailma Conceição Santos , Milena Gabriel Ribeiro , Márcia Araujo Jesus, Clarita Silveira Reis, Mile Ane Larissa Costa Muricy

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