Metabolite Profiling (GC-MS), Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Baccharis dracunculifolia Hydroalcoholic Extract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2026v30n1p23-36Abstract
Baccharis dracunculifolia, popularly known as ‘field rosemary’, is a shrub native to South America with reported anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolite profile of the hydroalcoholic extract of B. dracunculifolia using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and to determine its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Sixteen metabolites were identified, predominantly terpenoids (46%), along with ketones, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and acids. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ of 17.7 ± 0.02 mg/mL in the DPPH assay and 361 ± 0.03 µmol Trolox/g in the ABTS assay. Total flavonoid content was 6.0 ± 0.14 mg rutin/100 g extract (w/w), while total phenolic content reached 17.10 ± 0.27 mg GAE/g. Regarding antibacterial activity, the extract displayed bacteriostatic effects (MIC) ranging from 370 µg/mL for L. monocytogenes to 7,500 µg/mL for P. aeruginosa, and bactericidal effects (MBC) from 2,500 µg/mL for S. aureus to 30,000 µg/mL for E. coli. The bioactive potential observed can be largely attributed to the presence of triterpenes. B. dracunculifolia hydroalcoholic extract is a promising source for pharmacological, phytochemical, and microbiological investigations.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity. ABTS. DPPH. Flavonoids. Phenols.
Resumo
Baccharis dracunculifolia, popularmente conhecida como "alecrim do campo", é um arbusto nativo da América do Sul que apresenta propriedades anti-inflamatórias, antimicrobianas, anticancerígenas e antioxidantes. Este estudo avaliou o perfil metabólico do extrato hidroalcoólico de B. dracunculifolia por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e determinou sua atividade antioxidante e antibacteriana. Foram identificados 16 metabólitos, predominantemente terpenoides (46%), juntamente com cetonas, aldeídos, hidrocarbonetos e ácidos. O extrato apresentou atividade antioxidante com CI50 de 17,7 ± 0,02 mg/mL (ensaio DPPH) e 361 ± 0,03 µmol Trolox/g (ensaio ABTS). O teor total de flavonoides foi de 6,0 ± 0,14 mg de rutina/100 g de extrato (p/p) e o de fenóis totais de 17,10 ± 0,27 mg GAE/g. Em relação à atividade antimicrobiana, o extrato apresentou efeito bacteriostático (CIM) variando de 370 µg/mL para L. monocytogenes a 7500 µg/mL para P. aeruginosa, e efeito bactericida (CBM) entre 2500 µg/mL para S. aureus e 30000 µg/mL para E. coli. O potencial bioativo observado pode ser atribuído, em grande parte, à presença de triterpenos. O extrato hidroalcoólico de B. dracunculifolia é uma fonte relevante para investigações farmacológicos, fitoquímicas e microbiológicas.
Palavras-chave: Atividade antibacteriana. ABTS. DPPH. Flavonoides. Fenóis.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Alexsandra Iarlen Cabral Cruz, Milena da Cruz Costa, Jessica Ferreira Mafra, Mariza Alves Ferreira, Alana Kercia Marques Miranda, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro, Floricéa Magalhães Araújo, Norma Suely Evangelista-Barreto
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