Recurrent Micropapillary Carcinoma with Lymph Node Metastasis in bitch: Unilateral Mastectomy and OncoMap-Guided Therapeutic Approach – Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2025v29n3p749-761Abstract
Mammary neoplasms are among the most common oncological disorders in small animals, with most cases being malignant and strongly influenced by hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone. Mastectomy remains the treatment of choice, with the surgical approach determined by the affected gland(s) and tumor size. Before surgery, the presence of metastases should be evaluated using imaging modalities such as abdominal ultrasonography, thoracic radiography, and/or computed tomography. Adjuvant therapies, including chemotherapy or targeted treatments, are indicated according to the histological type, tumor grade, clinical stage, and immunohistochemical profile. This report describes a case of micropapillary carcinoma with lymphatic metastasis in a female dog that developed tumor recurrence despite appropriate surgical management and adjuvant chemotherapy. Following recurrence, mastectomy of the remaining mammary chain was performed, and genomic analysis using OncoMap guided a change in therapeutic strategy, revealing the ineffectiveness of the previous protocol and resulting in a survival outcome that differed from reports in the literature.
Keywords: Hormones. Mammary Neoplasm. Metastasis. Surgery.
Downloads
References
AMINE, O. et al. Comparative study of two complementary proliferation markers in 200 breast carcinomas: Ki67 and mitotic index. Tunisie Méd., v. 94, n. 10, p. 587-593, 2016. PMID: 28972249.
ANDRADE, M. B. et al. Retrospective study of mammary lesions in bitches. Acta Sci. Vet., v. 45, n. 8, 2017. doi: https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80788
BRENNAN, M. T. et al. Dental treatment planning and management in the patient who has cancer. Dent. Clin. North Am., v. 52, n. 1, p. 19-37, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2007.10.003
BRUNETTI, B. et al. P53, ER, and Ki67 expression in canine mammary carcinomas and correlation with pathological variables and prognosis. Vet. Pathol., v. 58, n. 2, p. 325-331, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985820973462
CASSALI, G. D. et al. Consensus on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of canine and feline mammary tumors: solid arrangement – 2023. Braz. J. Vet. Pathol., v. 17, n. 3, p. 152-163, 2024. doi: https://10.24070/bjvp.1983-0246.v17i3p152-163
CASSALI, G. D. et al. Consensus regarding the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine and feline mammary tumors - 2019. Braz. J. Vet. Pathol., v. 13, n. 3, p. 555-574, 2020. https://doi.org/10.24070/bjvp.1983-0246.v13i3p555-574
CORRIVEAU, K. M. et al. Outcome of laparoscopic ovariectomy and laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy in dogs: 278 cases (2003-2013). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., v. 251, n. 4, p. 443-450, 2017. doi: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.251.4.443.
GAMBA, O. C. et al. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in humans and canines: clinicopathological, immunophenotypical and survival approaches. Res. Vet. Sci., v. 15, p. 189-194, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.012
GONÇALVES, A. D. B. B. et al. Extracapsular extension and tumor implants in lymph nodes with canine mammary carcinoma metastasis: study of the impact on survival. Res. Vet. Sci., v. 139, p. 87-93, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.07.010
JESUS, A. C. S. et al. A influência dos fatores de risco nutricionais no desenvolvimento do câncer de mama. Rev. Liberum acessum, v. 14, n. 2, 2022.
KRZYSZCZYK, P. et al. The growing role of precision and personalized medicine for cancer treatment. Technol., v. 6, n. 03n04, p. 79-100, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2339547818300020
LAFLAMME, D. P. Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs. Can. Pract., v. 22, n. 1, p. 10-15, 1997.
LAVALLE, G. E. et al. COX-2 expression in canine mammary carcinomas: correlation with angiogenesis and overall survival. Vet. Pathol., v. 46, n. 6, p. 1275-1280, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.08-VP-0226-C-FL
MINCKWITZ, G. et al. Neoadjuvant carboplatin in patients with triple-negative and HER2-positive early breast cancer (GeparSixto; GBG 66): a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol., v. 15, n. 7, p. 747-756, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70160-3
NICOLETTO, R. E.; OFNER, C. M. Cytotoxic mechanisms of doxorubicin at clinically relevant concentrations in breast cancer cells. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., v. 89, n. 3, p. 285-311, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-022-04400-y
NOSALOVA, N. et al. Canine mammary tumors: classification, biomarkers, traditional and personalized therapies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., v. 25, n. 5, p. 2891, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052891.
PAPAZOGLOU, L. G. et al. Current surgical options for mammary tumor removal in dogs. J. Vet. Sci. Med., v. 2, n. 1, p. 6, 2014. https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000007
PARK, Y. R. et al. Viscum album induces apoptosis by regulating STAT3 signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., v. 24, n. 15, p. 4295, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241511988
QUEIROGA, F. L. et al. COX-2 over-expression correlates with VEGF and tumour angiogenesis in canine mammary cancer. Vet. J., v. 189, n. 1, p. 77-82, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.06.022
REESE, D. J. et al. Intra and interobserver variability of board-certified veterinary radiologists and veterinary general practitioners for pulmonary nodule detection in standard and inverted display mode images of digital thoracic radiographs of dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., v. 238, n. 8, p. 998-1003, 2011. doi: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.238.8.998.
RODIGHERI, S. M. et al. Parameters of metabolic response to surgical trauma induced via unilateral total mastectomy associated or not to ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Animals (Basel), v. 13, n. 5, p. 926, 2023. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050926.
RODRIGUES, M. A. et al. Characterization of neoplastic cells outlining the cystic space of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the canine mammary gland. BMC Vet. Res., v. 17, n. 1, p. 1-9, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02807-y
SARHANGI, N. et al. Breast cancer in the era of precision medicine. Mol. Biol. Rep., v. 49, n. 10, p. 10023-10037, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07571-2
SCHMIDT, B. R. et al. Influence of ovariohysterectomy on survival of dogs with mammary carcinoma. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., v. 236, n. 3, p. 322-327, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12110
SCHNEIDER, R. et al. The effect of ovariohysterectomy on the incidence of mammary tumors in dogs. Cancer Res., v. 29, p. 516-520, 1969. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13812.
SLEECKX, N. et al. Canine mammary tumours, an overview. Reprod. Domest. Anim., v. 46, n. 6, p. 1112-1131, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01816.x
SORENMO, K. U. et al. The estrogen effect; clinical and histopathological evidence of dichotomous influences in dogs with spontaneous mammary carcinomas. PLoS One, v. 14, n. 10, p. e0224263, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224504
SOUZA, C. H. M. et al. Neoplasias mamárias em cadelas: estudo retrospectivo de 200 casos. Rev. Educ. Cont. Med. Vet. Zootec., CRMV-SP, v. 16, n. 2, p. 67-72, 2018.
THRONICKE, A. et al. Viscum album therapy in oncology: an update on current evidence. Complement. Med. Res., v. 29, n. 4, p. 362-368, 2022. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000524184.
TORRES DE LA RIVA, G. et al. Neutering dogs: effects on joint disorders and cancers in Golden Retrievers. PLoS One, v. 8, n. 2, p. e55937, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055937.
WICHTOWSKI, M. et al. Electrochemotherapy in breast cancer – discussion of the method and literature review. Breast Care (Basel), v. 12, n. 6, p. 409-414, 2017. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000479954.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Camila Figueiredo Santos Carvalho, Luciana Maria Curtio Soares, Ricardo César Tavares Carvalho, Tathiana Ferguson Motheo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
